星点设计-效应面法优化pH值响应及线粒体靶向双功能金丝桃苷脂质体的处方及其体外评价

目的 优化线粒体靶向金丝桃苷脂质体（DLD/Hyp-Lip）制备的最佳处方，并研究研究其在胎牛血清中的稳定性及体外释放行为，考察其线粒体靶向性。方法 采用薄膜分散法制备DLD/Hyp-Lip，以包封率和载药量为考察指标进行单因素实验，考察磷脂总量与金丝桃苷（hyperoside，Hyp）用量比、二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇（DSPE-PEG）与DLD用量比等条件对DLD/Hyp-Lip的影响，结合星点设计-效应面法优化DLD/Hyp-Lip处方。使用透射电子显微镜和粒径仪观察测定脂质体粒子外观、平均粒径和Zeta电位，采用血清稳定性实验和体外释药、线粒体靶向性对该载药系统进行评价。结果 DLD/Hyp-Lip最佳处方为磷脂总量和金丝桃苷用量比为12.50：1，磷脂总量与胆固醇用量比为6.00：1，DSPE-PEG与DLD用量比为3：5；测得金丝桃苷包封率为（95.57±0.56）%，载药量为（8.55±0.57）%。所制备的DLD/Hyp-Lip外观良好，平均粒径为（124.9±3.4）nm，Zeta电位为（-6.2±1.9）mV；在胎牛血清中性状稳定，在体外释放介质中24 h累积释放量达到40%。线粒体靶向实验表明DLD/Hyp-Lip可以促进药物聚集在线粒体部位。结论 采用此方法能够精准有效的优化DLD/Hyp-Lip的制备工艺，该方法操作简单方便，可以用于DLD/Hyp-Lip制备与处方的优化，制备的DLD/Hyp-Lip包封率高，粒径小，分布均匀，且具有良好的缓释作用，为DLD/Hyp-Lip的进一步体内研究奠定了基础。载金丝桃苷的DLD/Hyp-Lip具有良好的肝癌细胞线粒体靶向性，是一种潜在高效的肝癌细胞线粒体靶向给药系统。     

高危型HPV阳性宫颈癌患者miRNA-34a-5p的表达及临床意义

目的　探讨高危型人乳头状瘤病毒（high risk-human papilloma virus, HR-HPV）阳性宫颈癌患者组织及血清中微小RNA（microRNA, miRNA）-34a-5p的表达及其对宫颈癌的诊断价值。方法　将100例HR-HPV阳性宫颈癌患者（宫颈癌组）、70例宫颈上皮内瘤变（cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN）患者（CIN组）、70例HR-HPV阳性子宫良性病变或者HPV单纯阳性的健康体检者（对照组）作为研究对象。采集上述研究对象的血清标本及70例行手术治疗的宫颈癌组患者癌组织及癌旁组织。使用实时荧光定量PCR技术测定组织及血清中miRNA-34a-5p水平，并分析miRNA-34a-5p与宫颈癌临床、病理指标的关联及血清miRNA-34a-5p对宫颈癌的诊断价值。结果　①对照组血清中miRNA-34a-5p的相对表达量高于CIN组和宫颈癌组：（0.933±0.097）vs.（0.554±0.099）vs.（0.369±0.099），差异有统计学意义（F=741.401，P=0.000）；宫颈癌组患者术前血清中miRNA-34a-5p相对表达量低于术后1周，差异有统计学意义（t=8.305，P=0.000）。有无淋巴结转移和有无远处转移的宫颈癌患者血清中miRNA-34a-5p相对表达量的差异有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。②宫颈癌组患者癌旁组织中miRNA-34a-5p的相对表达量高于癌组织，差异具有统计学意义（t=40.313，P=0.000）。③宫颈癌组患者癌组织中的miRNA-34a-5p表达水平与血清中的表达水平呈正相关（r=0.908，P=0.000）。④以0.508为miRNA-34a-5p相对表达量的最佳临界值诊断宫颈癌，其灵敏度为83.6%，特异度为79.4%，AUC为0.860，95%置信区间为0.803～0.917。结论　HR-HPV阳性宫颈癌患者癌组织和血清中miRNA-34a-5p表达下调，对宫颈癌诊断及预后监测具有一定的参考价值。     

2015—2019年某焦化厂下风向居民血清免疫球蛋白分析

目的： 比较2015—2019年某焦化厂下风向居民不同人群血清免疫球蛋白的含量并分析其变化趋势。方法： 2015—2019年夏季，选取中国北部某焦化厂下风向（1~2 km）两个村庄的常住居民为研究群体，按照一定的纳入排除标准确定研究对象，采集其血液及尿液通过全自动生化分析仪分别检测血清免疫球蛋白（IgG、IgA和IgM）含量及尿肌酐（Cr），并对血清免疫球蛋白含量异常率进行统计分析。尿液中多环芳烃代谢物1-羟基芘的含量采用高效液相色谱-荧光法检测。结果： 2015—2019年某焦化厂下风向居民中，女性血清IgG含量均值在各年份间均高于男性（P<0.01），IgM含量均值在2015年和2016年高于男性（P<0.05）；成人血清IgG和IgA含量均值在各年份间均高于未成年人（P<0.01），IgM含量均值在2016年低于未成年人（P<0.01）。2015—2019年某焦化厂下风向居民血清免疫球蛋白含量异常率总体呈先上升后下降的趋势，血清IgA和IgM在不同年份间的差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01），且2016年成人血清IgG、IgA和IgM含量异常率均高于未成年人（P<0.05），2015年和2016年女性血清IgG含量异常率高于男性（P<0.05）。2015—2019年，该地区居民尿液中多环芳烃代谢产物1-羟基芘的检出水平（用尿肌酐含量校正）中位数依次为0.468、0.797、0.678、0.169和0.021 μg/g。结论： 2015—2019年焦化厂下风向居民血清免疫球蛋白（IgG、IgA和IgM）含量具有一定的性别差异和年龄差异，其异常率总体呈现先上升后下降的趋势。     

吉西他滨膀胱灌注治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的疗效及血清VEGF的影响

目的 为探究吉西他滨（GEM）膀胱灌注治疗在经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术（TURBt）后的非肌层浸润性膀胱癌（NMIBC）患者的临床效果以及对血清VEGF的影响。方法 回顾性选取2015年1月~2019年6月在玉溪市人民医院接受TURBt治疗的132例NMIBC患者为研究对象,将患者分为GEM组和吡柔比星组（THP组）,每组均为66例。两组均行TURBt治疗,GEM组术后立即采取GEM膀胱灌注,THP组术后立即采取THP膀胱灌注。通过对比两组术后灌注治疗过程中的不良反应,并随访1年,监测两组术后0.5年、1年的复发情形;分别在灌注前、灌注后0.5年及1年抽取4 mL空腹静脉血,检测血清VEGF的水平。结果 GEM组灌注后0.5年、1年复发率低于THP组,复发时间长于THP组,具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组灌注后0.5年、1年血清VEGF水平均低于灌注前,两组灌注后1年血清VEGF水平与灌注后0.5年水平相比,处于一个降低的趋势,但GEM组患者灌注后0.5年、1年血清VEGF均明显低于THP组,下降的趋势更大,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 GEM膀胱灌注治疗在NMIBC病人行TURBt后取得的临床效果较好。     

The effect of core stability-based corrective exercises on gait parameters in elite soccer players diagnosed with Middle Crossed Syndrome

Background/aimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of core stability-based corrective exercises, on gait parameters in elite soccer players diagnosed with middle crossed syndrome.Methods15 male elite soccer players (aged 18–28) were enrolled in a same-subject intervention trial to assess if the middle crossed syndrome could be influenced through core stability exercise. Core stability-based corrective exercises were completed 3 times per week for 8 weeks and changes in gait parameters (pre- and post- intervention) were measured.ResultsThe results showed that most gait parameters including stride length (p = 0.025), gait speed (p = 0.023), number of strides (p = 0.007), length of shots (p = 0.003), and also soccer players’ height (p = 0.011) improved significantly in post-intervention in comparison to pre-intervention. Stride width in post-intervention did not show changes in comparison with pre-intervention (p = 0.083).ConclusionThe results indicate the significant effectiveness of core stability-based corrective exercises on gait parameters in those with middle crossed syndrome. By doing corrective exercises based on core stability during the study period, gait parameters in the post-intervention surpass the results in the pre-intervention in most parameters. Therefore, it is proposed that corrective exercises based on core stability is a safe and useful method for improving function in those with middle crossed syndrome and it could be used as a therapy to help players identified with this finding. In this regard, it is suggested to researchers and coaches to correct imbalances in order to achieve better results in training programs.     

Effects of core stability training program on trunk muscle endurance in deaf children: A preliminary study

IntroductionSport participation is an important for deaf children as participants experience physical, psychological and social benefits; however, the beneficial effect of core stability training on core muscle endurance is unclear. The present study aimed to examine the effects of an 8-week core stability exercise training program on endurance of trunk muscles in deaf children.MethodsTwenty male deaf students (age, 16.5 ± 0.65 y; body mass, 62.08 ± 5.39 kg; BMI, 22.33 ± 2.24 kg/m²) volunteered to participate in this study and were randomly assigned to experimental (EXP, n = 10) and control (CON, n = 10) groups. The subjects in the EXP group performed 3 times a week for 8 weeks period of core stability training program and tested trunk muscle endurance including prone bridge, supine bridge and flexor endurance tests at pre and post 8 weeks intervention.ResultsThe CON group did not show any significant change after training period (p > 0.05). The EXP group showed significantly changes in core stability muscle endurance tests following the 8-week core stability training program (p < 0.05). In addition, the EXP group indicated statistically significant changes than the CON group in truck muscle endurance (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe results indicated that core stability training program improved trunk muscle endurance. Therefore, this training approach can be recommended in deaf rehabilitation programs to improve trunk muscle endurance.     

Step length synergy while crossing obstacles is weaker in patients with Parkinson’s disease

BackgroundImpaired movement stability is a common symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD) that leads to falls and mishandled objects. Decline in synergistic stabilization of movement in PD patients has been observed in manual and postural tasks. However, locomotor synergies have not been quantified in PD patients.Research questionThe purpose of this work was to quantify the strength of the synergy stabilizing the step length while crossing an obstacle in PD patients. We hypothesized that (1) the distances of the front and rear feet relative to the obstacle would display compensatory across-trial co-variance that stabilizes step length in PD patients and age-matched controls, and (2) the step-length stabilization would be weaker in PD patients.MethodsThirteen PD patients and eleven healthy age-matched controls walked up to and stepped over a 15 cm high obstacle fifteen times.We measured the distances of the rear and front foot toes from the obstacle during the crossing step. We used the uncontrolled manifold method to parse the across-trial variance in toe distances into a component that maintains the step length and a component that changes the step length. These variance components yielded the synergy index that quantified the stability of step length.ResultsStep length was stabilized in PD patients as well as controls. However, the synergy index was 53% lower in the PD patients (p < 0.01). Thus, both our hypotheses were supported.SignificanceThis is the first study reporting impaired locomotor synergies in PD patients. Most PD patients in our sample were early stage (10 out of 13 patients were Hoehn-Yahr ≤ 2). Therefore, this result motivates further studies to establish step-length synergy during adaptive locomotor tasks as a biomarker for early detection of locomotor impairments in PD patients.